In architectural terms, what does "building orientation" refer to?

Building orientation refers to the direction a building faces in relation to the sun, which plays a significant role in various aspects of architectural design, including energy efficiency, natural lighting, and building performance. Proper orientation can enhance passive solar gain in winter while minimizing heat gain in summer, leading to reduced energy costs and improved comfort for occupants.

In contrast, while the arrangement of internal spaces can impact functionality and flow within a building, it does not relate to its orientation in terms of external environmental factors. Similarly, the style of architecture pertains to aesthetic aspects and historical influences rather than the building's positioning or angle. The color palette, while important for visual appeal and harmony with the surroundings, also does not provide information about how the building is oriented in relation to the sun or other environmental conditions. Thus, the focus on sun orientation makes the first choice the most accurate representation of the term "building orientation."